Chapter: 10 Socio-Religious Movements
1. The Indian society
of the Delhi Sultanate was divided into which two main classes?
Hindu and Muslim
2. Who were the Ulema?
the religious leaders of the Muslims
3. What did the common
people call the Ulemas?
Mullah
4. Ulema was a scholar
of which subjects?
The religious doctrines and laws
5. On which scripture,
the faith and beliefs of Ulemas were based upon?
The Holy Quran and Hadith
6. According to the
Ulemas, how many principles should every Muslim follow?
4
7. What are the four
principles of Muslims called?
The Four Pillars
8. What are the Four
Pillars in Islam?
Namaz, Roza, Zakat and Hajj
9. How many times the
Namaz is performed in a day?
Five times
10. In which month the
Rozas are observed?
In the month of Ramadan
11. What percentage of
their earnings do Muslims spend as Zakat?
2.5%
12. Where do the Muslims
go to Haj?
Mecca
13. By what name are
the Sufi saints known?
Shaikh or Peer
14. Who introduced the
practice of Qawwali?
Sufies
15. Who laid the
foundation of Chishti Silsila?
Khwaja Muin-ud-din Chishti
16. Where did the
Chishti Silsila begin?
Ajmer
17. Who laid the
foundation of the Suhrawardy Silsila?
Makhdoom Baha-ud-din Zakariya
18. Where was the
foundation of Suhrawardy Silsila laid?
Multan
19. What were the
Dargahs of the Sufis called?
Khangah
20. Where in India,
were the Sufis most influential?
In Punjab and Sindh
21. Sant Ramanuja was a
devotee of which diety?
Lord Vishnu
22. How many people
followed Saint Ramanuja?
10000
23. Where did the
Nimbarka establish his Ashram?
Mathura
24. How many books on
Vaishnavism were written by Madhava?
37
25. According to
Madhava, by how many means one can attain salvation?
3 (Gyan, Karam and Bhagti)
26. Where did Ramanand
Ji live?
Allahabad
27. What are the
followers of Ramananda called?
Avadhut
28. What does Avadhut
mean?
Free from bondages
29. In which language
did Ramanand Ji deliver his sermons?
Hindi
30. Which of the
follower of Ramananda Ji later became a world famous saint?
Saint Kabir
31. Who raised Saint
Kabir Ji?
a weaver couple named Neeru and Nima
32. What was the name
of the wife of Saint Kabir Ji?
Loi
33. Which famous book
was written by Saint Kabir?
Bizak
34. What are the
followers of Saint Kabir called?
Kabirpanthi
35. Where did
Vallabhacharya establish a temple?
Govardhan, near Mathura
36. In which form did
Vallabhcharya worship Lord Krishna?
in the form of Srinath
37. Which Bhakti saint
wrote 37 books on Vaishnavism?
Madhava
38. Which Bhakti Saint
is said to be the originator of The Vaishnavism?
Chaitanya Mahaprabhudid
39. To whom did
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu consider the greatest?
Sri Krishna Ji
40. Who started the
tradition of Kirtan?
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
41. Where did the
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu spend the last 20 years of his life?
Jagannath Puri, Orissa
42. Who is considered
to be the most famous Bhakti saint of Maharashtra?
Sant Namdev Ji
43. Which village of
Punjab was used as the center of his preachings by Saint Namdev Ji?
Village Ghuman, District Gurdaspur
44. Meera Bai was the
queen of which state?
Mewar
45. Meera Bai was the
follower of which Saint?
Bhagat Ravidas
46. Where was Bhagat
Ravidas Ji born?
Banaras
47. Where was Guru
Nanak Dev Ji born?
Rai Bhoe ki Talwandi
48. What is the birth
place of Guru Nanak Dev Ji presently called?
Nankana Sahib
49. When was Guru Nanak
Dev Ji born?
1469 AD
50. What was the name
of Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s parents?
Mother Tripta Ji and Father Mehta
Kalu Ji
51. What was the name
of Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s sister?
Bibi Nanaki Ji
52. According to Guru
Nanak Dev Ji, how many forms are there of God?
2 (Nirgun and Sargun)
53. According to Guru
Nanak Dev Ji, how many enemies do human beings have? Greed, Pride)
5 (Lust, Anger, Attachment,
54. When did Guru Nanak
Dev Ji left for heavenly abode?
1539 AD
55. Where did Saint
Dadu Dayal Ji spend most of his life?
in Rajasthan
56. Who composed Ramcharitmanas?
Saint Tulsi Das
57. By what other name
is Saint Tulsi Das known?
Goswami Tulsi Das
58. Which Bhakti saint
was blind from birth?
Surdas
59. Name some famous
works of Surdas?
Sur Sagar, Sur Saravali and
Sahit Lahiri
60. Who provided
religious education to Gorakhnathis?
the head of the Matha
61. By what other name
are the Gorakhnathi Jogis known?
Kannpate Jogi
(Three marks question)
Question 1. What were
the causes of the origin of Bhagti Movement?
Answer: The
causes of bhagti movement were as follows:-
1. Bad Practices in the Hindu Religion: - There were a number of bad practices
in the Hindu religion during the medieval period. Common people worshiped stones,
snakes and trees instead of one god. The priest class, who were considered the
torch bearer, indulged themselves in luxury life. The saints of bhagti
movements brought the Hindu religion from dark to light and also showed the
path of light.
2. A Threat from the Islam Religion: - The upper caste people hated the
lower caste people in the Hindu religion. But, all human being were equal in
the Islam religion, that is why a great number of hindus adopted the Islam
religion, especially the lower caste hindus. This situation created a threat
for the existence of the Hindu religion. The great saints of bhagti movement
saved the Hindu religion from the threat of the Islam.
3. Birth of the Great Reformers: - A great number of saints born in
different parts of India during medieval period. These were — Shankarachariya
ji, Ramanmed ji, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ji, Namdev ji, Jaidev ji, Kabir ji, Guru
Ravidas ji and Guru Nanak Dev ji. They strongly condemned the bad practices
prevalent in the Hindu religion. These great saints played an important role in
the origin and development of the bhagti movement.
Question 2. Write
briefly about three Vaishnav saints of the medieval period?
Answer: The
brief details of three Vaishnav saints as follows: -
1. Ramanuj Ji: - Ramanuj ji was born in south India in 1017 AD. He was a Tamil brahmin. He
followed the Vaishnav sect of the bhagti movement. He believed that the origin
of the whole world was with the consent of god Vishnu. He condemned the caste
system. His simple teachings greatly influenced the common people.
2. Ramanand Ji: - Ramanand ji was born in a brahmin family of Paryaga in 1299 AD. He was
the disciple of Guru Raghavanand. He condemned the superstitious aptitude of
the society. He didn't believe in castism. Ramanand ji allowed women to enter in
his sect and gave them equal status to men. He preached in Hindi language.
3. Chaitanya Mahaprabhua Ji: - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ji was born at village
Nadia in Bengal in 1485 AD. He was considered as the founder of Vaishnav sect. He
was the disciple of lord Krishna. The bhagti of lord Krishna can be done by perform
kirtan, listening the Geeta and with the company of pious persons, according to
him.
Question 3. Write
briefly about three Nirgun saints of medieval period?
Answer: The
brief details about three Nirgun saints as follows: -
1. Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji: - Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji was born at
modern Nankana sahib in Pakistan in 1469 AD. He believed in the One God. According
to Guru Nanak Dev ji, God is the almighty, eternal, formless and omnipresent. God
is great and without His blessing, a man could’ succeed in this world. He gave
message of Namo Japo, Kirat karo and wand Chhako.
2. Kabir Ji: - Kabir ji was born at Banaras in 1440 AD. He was a very pious natured
since childhood. He was the disciple of Guru Ramanand ji. He preached his
teachings in Hindi language. He preached about the bhagti of the one God and
universal brotherhood. He was strongly condemned the idol worship, Castism,
Child marriage and the custom of sati.
3. Guru Ravidas ji: - Guru Ravidas ji was born at Banaras in 1398 AD. The name of his father
was Santokh Das and the name of mother was Kalsa Devi. He was the disciple of
Guru Ramanand ji. He emphasised on the worship of the one God. He was always busy
in the bhagti of the God. He strongly condemned the prevalent social evils in
the society. The famous saint Mira Bai was his disciple.
Question 4. Write three
impacts of bhagti movement?
Answer: The
three impacts of bhagti movement are as follows: -
1. Condemnation of Prevalent Social Evils and
Superstitious ideas: - All the saints of bhagti movements strongly condemn the social evils and superstitious
ideas of the society. They opposed image worship, child marriage, Castism and
the custom of sati.
2. Emphasised on Universal Brotherhood: - All the saints of bhagti movement
emphasised to love with one another and universal brotherhood. According to
these saints, all human beings are the descendants of the one God, there should
not be any type of discrimination.
3. Development of Regional Languages: - Bhagti movement played an important role in the origin and development of regional languages. All saints belonged to different regions. They preached in their regional languages and also wrote their works in their native languages. In this way all regional languages developed.
(Six marks questions)
Question 1. Write the
various characteristics of Bhagti Movement?
Answer: The
various characteristics of bhagti movement are as follows:
1. Believe in one God: - All prominent saints of bhagti movements emphasised on the worship of the
one God. According to them, Ram, Krishna, Allah, Khuda are different names of
the one God. God is omnipresent and the almighty. He is creator, preserver and
destroyer of this world. There is no one, who possessed such qualities. They have
no comparison with the God. The God is like the sun, while they are just like a
lamp .So, always believe and worship of the one God.
2. Have faith in Guru: - Guru Nanak Dev ji, Guru Ravidas ji, Kabir ji, and Namdev ji emphasised on
the need and importance of Guru to attain salvation. Guru shows the path of the
God. Guru is the true means to attain the God. Guru brings human beings from
darkness to light. It is not easy to find a true guru. It's by the grace of the
God, a human being got a true guru.
3. Self-devotion: - According to bhagti movement saints, a human being should be devoted to
everything to the God. All perverted deeds of human beings are sort out with the
grace of the God and he got salvation. A human being should be detached with
five worldly vices like lust, anger, greed, attachment and pride.
4. Emphasised on the Pious life: - The saints of bhagti movement inspired
people to live a pious life. According to bhagti saints, a human being should
always speaks the truth and helps the poor. He should work hard . Shri Guru
Nanak Dev ji and Kabir ji were not in favour of the renunciation of the
domestic household duties. They considered the domestic life the best one. They
were emphasised to live a pious domestic life in this world.
5. Non-belief in Castism: - The castism is like a weevil in the
hindu society. The so called lower castes people treated very badly. There are so
many restrictions imposed on them. All saints of bhagti movements strongly
condemned the caste system. According to them, there is a light of the God in
all human beings. So all human beings are equal. A man will got salvation
according to his deeds not his caste.
6. Non-belief in hollow customs: - The saints of bhagti movement condemned
the prevalent hollow customs. They opposed pilgrimage, fast, reading scripture
without devotion, yag, sacrifices, purification by bathing etc. They considered
to wear saffron clothes, rubbing ashes on the body, growing beard and moustache
or shaving, holding the stick in hand, playing sankh, worship of graves etc.
against the religion.
Question 2. Write about
six bhagti saints of mediaeval period?
Answer: The
details of six bhagti saints are as follows: -
1. Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji: - Shri Guru Nanak Dev ji was born at
modern Nankana sahib in Pakistan in 1469 AD. He believed in the One God. According
to Guru Nanak Dev ji, God is the almighty, eternal, formless and omnipresent. God
is great and without His blessing, a man couldn't succeed in this world. He
gave message of Namo Japo, Kirat karo and wand chhako.
2. Kabir Ji: - Kabir ji was born at Banaras in 1440 AD. He was a very pious natured
since childhood. He was the disciple of Guru Ramanand ji. He preached his
teachings in Hindi language. He preached about the bhagti of the one God and
universal brotherhood. He was strongly condemned the idol worship, Castism,
Child marriage and the customs of sati.
3. Guru Ravidas ji: - Guru Ravidas ji was born at Banaras in 1398 AD. The name of his father
was Santokh Das and the name of mother was Kalsa Devi. He was the disciple of
Guru Ramanand ji. He emphasised on the worship of the one God. He was always
busy in the bhagti of the God. He strongly condemned the prevalent social evils
in the society. The famous saint Mira Bai was his disciple.
4. Ramanuj Ji: - Ramanuj ji was born in south India in 1017 AD. He was a Tamil brahmin. He
followed the Vaishnav sect of the bhagti movement. He believed that the origin
of the whole world was with the consent of god Vishnu. He condemned the caste
system. His simple teachings greatly influenced the common people.
5. Ramanand Ji: - Ramanand ji was born in a brahmin family of Paryaga in 1299 AD. He was
the disciple of Guru Raghavanand. He condemned the superstitious aptitude of
the society. He didn't believe in castism. Ramanand ji allowed women to enter in
his sect and gave them equal status to men. He preached in Hindi language.
6. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Ji: - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was born at
village Nadia in Bengal in 1485 AD. He was considered as the founder of Vaishnav
sect. He was the disciple of lord Krishna. The bhagti of lord Krishna can be
done by perform kirtan, listening the Geeta and with the company of pious
persons, according him.
