Chapter: 8 The Delhi Sultnate

1) Muhammad Ghori was the ruler of which country?

Ghazni

2) Whom did Muhammad Ghori consider his master?

To his brother Giasudin

3) During which period did Muhammad Ghori invade india?

1175 AD to 1206 AD

4) Where did Muhammad Ghori attack first of all in India?

Multan

5) When did Muhammad Ghori attack first of all in India?

1175 AD

6) When did Muhammad Ghori annex Punjab?

1186 AD

7) When was the first battle of Tarain take place?

1191 AD

8) Between whom the first battle of Tarain take place?

Prithvi Raj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori

9) Who won the first battle of Tarain?

Prithvi Raj Chauhan

10) When did the second battle of Tarain take place?

1192 AD

11) Between whom the second battle of Tarain take place?

Prithvi Raj Chauhan and Muhammad Ghori

12) Who won the second battle of Tarain?

Muhammad Ghori

13) How many rulers helped the Prithvi Raj Chauhan in second battle of Tarain?

150

14) To whom did Muhammad Ghori appoint as his representative in India?

Qutub-ud-din Aibak

15) When was Qutub-ud-din appointed as the representative of in India?

Muhammad Ghori

16) When did Qutub-ud-Din establish the Sultnate of Delhi?

1206 AD

17) Name two mosques constructed by Qutub-ud-din Aibak.

Dhai Din KaJhopra and Quwat-ul-Islam

18) Where is Dhai Din Ka Jhopra situated?

Ajmer

19) Where is Quwat-ul-Islam situated?

Delhi

20) Who started the construction of Qutub Minar?

Qutub-ud-din Aibak

21) When did Qutub-ud-din Aibak die?

1210 AD

22) How did Qutub-ud-din Aibak die?

Fallen from Horse

23) By what another name is Qutub-ud-din Aibak known?

Lakh Baksh

24) What was the full name of Illutitmish?

Shamas-ud-din Illutitmish

25) On which post did Qutub-ud-din Aibak appoint Illutitmish?

Amir-i-Shikar

26) When did Illutitmish became the Sultan of Delhi?

1211 AD

27) Who was the first Sultan to make Delhi his capital?

Illutitmish

28) Mangols were the native of which place?

Central Asia

29) Under whose command, did Mangols invade India?

Changis Khan

30) Who established Chehalgani?

Ilutitmish

31) What was Chehalgani?

Group of 40 Turkish nobles

32) Who sat on the throne after the demise of Illutitmish?

Aaram Shah

33) Who was the first female Muslim to sit on the throne of the Delhi?

Razia Sultana

34) Who was Razia’s father?

Ilutitmish

35) What was the period of reign of Razia Sultana?

1236 AD to 1240 AD

36) Whom did Razia love?

Zalal-ud-din Yakoob

37) Which fort of Rajputs was captured by Razia?

Ranthambhor

38) When did Balban rule?

1266 AD to 1286 AD

39) Which policy did Balban adopt to consolidate his empire?

Policy of Blood and Iron

40) From which areas did Balban vanish the decoits?

Doab and Awadh

41) Which policy was adopted by Balban to increase the status of Emperor?

Divine Right Policy of Kingship

42) Which two practices were started by Balban to increase the status of emperor?

Sizda and Paibos

43) Which famous organisation established by Illutitmish was disbanded by Balban?

Chahalgani

44) Who is considered the mightiest emperor of Slave dynasty?

Balban

45) Who was the last ruler of Slave dynasty?

Kaikubad

46) Who established Khalji dynasty?

Zalal-ud-din Khalji

47) When was Khalji dynasty established?

In 1290 AD

48) Mention the ruling period of Jalaluddin Khalji?

1290 AD to 1296 AD

49) Who was Allauddin Khalji?

Jalaluddin’s nephew and son-in-law

50) After which victory did Allauddin kill Jalaluddin?

Devagiri

51) Who is considered to be the greatest ruler of Khalji dynasty?

Alauddin Khalji

52) When did Alauddin Khalji ascended to the throne?

1296 AD

53) How long did Allauddin Khalji rule?

20 years

54) Who was known as ‘Hazaar Dinari’?

Malik Kafur

55) Who was Malik Kafur?

Slave of Allauddin Khalji

56) From where was Malik Kafur bought?

Gujarat

57) Why did Allauddin attack Chittor?

For Queen Padmini or Rani Padmavati

58) Who was Rani Padmavati?

Wife of Rana Ratan Singh

59) What is Allauddin Khalji best known for?

For market reforms

60) Which two designations created by Allaudding Khalji to manage the ‘Mandis’?

Shahana-i-Mandi, Diwan-i-Riyasat

61) Who founded the Tughlag dynasty?

Ghazi Malik

62) What was the real name of Ghazi Malik?

Gias-ud-din-Tughlag

63) When was the Tughlag dynasty founded?

1320 AD

64) Which ruler of the Tughlag dynasty was known as ‘the Educated Fool’ or ‘the Mixture of Opposites’?

Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq

65) What was the real name of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?

Juna Khan

66) To which city did Muhammad-bin-Tughlag want to make his capital?

Daultabad

67) What was the new name given to Devagiri?

Daulatabad

68) Coins of which metal was introduced by Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq?

Bronze

69) Which department did Muhammad bin Tughlaq set for the development of agriculture?

Diwan-i-Kohi

70) Who became the Sultan of Delhi after the death of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq?

Feroz Shah Tughlag

71) Except which four taxes, all other taxes were waived off by Feroze Shah Tughlaq?

Zaziya, Zakat, Khamas and Kharaz

72) Who was the last ruler of Tughlag dynasty?

Mahmood

73) What was the main function of Diwan-e-Khairat?

Providing employment to the unemployed and marriages of poor Muslim girls

74) Which hospital was set up by Feroz Tughlag to provide free treatment to the poor?

Dar-ul-Shafa

75) What famous book did Burnie write about Ferozshah?

Tarikh-e-Ferozshahi?

76) Who founded the Syed dynasty?

Khizar Khan

77) How long did the Syed dynasty rule?

About 37 years

78) Who was the founder of Lodhi dynasty?

Behlol Lodhi

79) When was the Lodhi dynasty founded?

1451 AD

80) After Behlol Lodhi, who ascended to the throne?

Sikandar Lodhi

81) Who was the last sultan of Lodhi dynasty?

Ibrahim Lodhi

82) When did Ibrahim Lodhi ascended to the throne?

1517 AD

83) When did the Lodhi dynasty end?

1526 AD

84) Which battle marked the end of the Lodhi dynasty?

The first battle of Panipat

85) Between which two parties, the battle of Panipat was fought?

Babar and Ibrahim Lodhi

(3 Marks Questions/ Answers)

Q 1. How was Qutubuddin Aibak a great lover of art and literature?

Answer: Qutubuddin Aibak ascend the throne in 1206 AD. He built two mosques in Delhi called 'Quwat- ul-Islam’ in Delhi and Adhai din ka jhonpra in Ajmer. He also started the construction of Qutab Minar near Mehrauli in delhi. He had great respect for scholars Nizami and Fakhruddin. Qutubddin Aibak was a great lover of art and literature beyond doubt.

Q 2. How did Balban organize the Delhi Sultanate?

Answer: Balban established the supremacy of the Sultan. He strictly stopped the looting by the looters in Mewati and Doab and Oudh near Delhi. A network of spies was set up across the state to prevent revolts. The army was reorganized. The criminals were severely punished. With the policy of Blood and iron, he suppressed the mewatis in delhi and its surrounding areas. Thus he established peace in the kingdom.

Q 3. What do you know about Razia Sultana?

Answer: Razia Sultana was a learned and talented girl of Iltutmish. She was the first Muslim woman to sit on the throne of Delhi. He sternly crushed the revolts of the provincial governors. She used to visit different parts of the state to alleviate the sufferings of the people. Razia captured the famous Rajput fort of Ranthambore and saved India from Mongol invasion.

Q 4. What were the major administrative reforms of Iltutmish?

Answer: Iltutmish formed a council of 40 rich Turks to run the state administration efficiently. He divided the whole kingdom into units. Monopolies were appointed to look after them. Qazis were appointed throughout the state to administer justice to the people. To improve the coinage, Iltutmish minted two new coins, a silver coin and a copper coin.

Q 5. Describe the Khalji dynasty.

Answer:

A) Commission of Slave Dynasty Descendant and Founder of Khalji Dynasty - Kaikubad was an incompetent ruler.

B) The great ruler of Khalji dynasty - Alauddin Khalji 1296 AD. Became ruler in He proved to be the greatest ruler of this dynasty.

C) End of Khalji dynasty - 1320 AD. By assassinating Khusrau Khan, the incompetent successor of the

Khalji dynasty in 1941, Gyasuddin Tughlag laid the foundation of the Tughlaq dynasty and put an end to the Khalji dynasty.

Q 6. Give information about the expansion of Alauddin Khalji's empire.

Answer: Alauddin Khalji, a great warrior of the Khalji dynasty, greatly expanded the Khalji dynasty. His empire stretched from the Himalayas in the north to Madura in the south. He did not include the king of the south in his empire, not only established sovereignty but also subjugated Devagiri. The Brahmaputra River was the eastern boundary of his empire and the Arabian Sea the western boundary.

Q7. What do you know about the successors of Alauddin Khalji?

1316 AD Four years after Alauddin's death in 1320 AD. The Khalji dynasty came to an end in Alauddin Khalji was a great ruler but his successors were not like him. 1316 AD From 1320 AD. In between, Shahabuddin Omar, Mubarak Shah and Nasiruddin Khusrau Shah ruled. All these rulers were incompetent. 1320 AD Khusrau Shah was assassinated by Ghazi Tughlaq in 1941 and thus the Khalji dynasty came to an end.

Q 8. Why is Alauddin Khalji called the greatest ruler of Khalji dynasty?

A) Conquests of Northern India - Alauddin Khalji's generals Nusrat Khan, Zafar Khan and Ulhag Khan helped Alauddin Khalji to conquer North India. Alauddin Khalji took possession of a large area of northern India.

B) Conquests of South India - Malik Kafur, the commander of Alauddin Khalji, made a special contribution in defeating the kings of South India as Malik Kafur was a capable general. Malik Kafur was bought by Alauddin Khalji during the conquest of Gujarat.

C) Economic Reforms - In Indian history, Alauddin Khalji is remembered not only for his victories but also for his economic reforms.

Q9. What administrative experience of Muhammad bin Tughlaq caused dissatisfaction among the people?

Answer:

1. He decided to move his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad.

2. He exchanged bronze coins for silver.

3. He doubled the rate of levy in the Doab region.

4. He formed a new department called Diwan-e-Kohi.

Q 10. What policies of Feroze Tughlaq contributed to the downfall of the empire?

Answer:

1. He adopted a soft policy towards the rich.

2. Strict punishments were abolished.

3. The feudal system was revived.

4. Not much attention was paid to the army.

Q 11. Write a note on the first battle of Panipat.

Answer: Babar invaded the Punjab for the fifth time in November 1525 AD. Daulat Khan was the Governor of Punjab at that time. Daulat Khan laid down his arms after a brief encounter with Babar. Babar forgave him. In this way Babar conquered the whole of the Punjab. Encouraged by the victory of the Punjab, Babar decided to join hands with Ibrahim Lodhi. So he ordered his troops to advance towards Delhi. When Ibrahim Lodhi heard of this, he set out for the Punjab with one lakh troops to fight Babar. There were about 20,000 soldiers under Babur at that time. On 21 April 1526, the first battle of Panipat took place between the two armies. In this battle Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated and he was killed on the battlefield. This conquest of Panipat put an end to the rule of the Lodhi dynasty in the Punjab and brought it under the control of the Mughal dynasty.

Long Answer types questions (6 marks)

Question 1 Write a note on the victories of Alauddin Khalji.

Conquests of North India

A) Conquest of Gujarat - Alauddin Khalji sent a large army under the leadership of Ulag Khan and Nusrat Khan to conquer Gujarat. At that time Raja Karan Dev was the king of Gujarat. He did not have the courage to face the enemy so he left Gujarat and ran away.

B) Conquest of Ranthambore - Alauddin Khalji sent troops under the leadership of Ulag Khan and Nusrat Khan to conquer Ranthambore. Raja Hamir Dev, the king of Ranthambore, fought hard against the enemy. In the end, Alauddin Khalji defeated Ranthambore.

C) Conquest of Chittor - Raja Ratan Singh of Mewar during the reign of Alauddin Khalji. Alauddin also conquered Chittor.

D) Conquest of Malwa - After the conquest of Chittor, the Sultan sent troops to conquer Malwa. Rai Mahalakdev, the ruler of the place, fought hard but lost in the end.

South Indian victories

A) Victory of Devagiri - The Sultan ordered Malik Kafur to attack Ram Chandra, the Yadav ruler of Devagiri. Instead of fighting the enemy, Ram Chandra accepted submission.

B) Conquest of Warangal - Malik Kafur crossed Devagiri and attacked Warangal and its king Pratap Rudar Dev accepted submission.

C) Conquest of Duarsamudar and Madura - Owner Kafur's Duarsamudar and the king of Madura had surrendered.

Q2. Write notes on the successes of Iltutmish.

Answer: The successes of Iltutmish are as follows.

1. Success on the North-West Frontier: Jalaluddin of Knawarizm conquered Ghazni and posed a threat to Delhi. Therefore, Iltutmish had taken possession of Lahore. In 1220 AD, the Mongols defeated Khawarizm under Chengez Khan. Now Jalaluddin asked IItutmish for help. He humbly avoided Jalaluddin and saved the Delhi Sultanate from destruction.

2. Repression of Qutubi and Muazzi Sardars: IItutmish took action against the Qutubi and Muazzi chiefs who had revolted near Delhi under the leadership of Jahandar. IItutmish killed him and the others accepted iIItutmish’s submission.

3. Defeat of Yaldoz: After the death of Mohammad Gauri, Tajuddin Yaldoz took over Ghazni. Yaldoz accepted Qutubuddin as the Sultan of India but not Iltutmish as the Sultan. In 1214 AD, he took possession of Lahore. Iltutmish defeated him on the land of Tarain with a large army.

4. Defeat of Nasiruddin Kubacha: Nasiruddin was a governor of Sindh. Which could be a threat to IItutmish at any time. IItutmish laid siege to his fort, while running he fell into the river Indus and died. In this way IItutmish took over his territories.

5. Repression of Rajputs: After the death of Qutubuddin, the Rajput states had declared their independence. Iltutmish wanted to subjugate these states. So he first attacked the fort of Gwalior in 1231 AD. He later conquered the forts of Bhilsa, Malwa, Ujjain, Mandu and Ranthambore. Which extended the boundaries of his kingdom to the south.

6. Recognition by the Caliph: In 1229 AD, iIItutmish received a letter of honor and a crown from the Caliph of Baghdad. Which further increased the popularity of iIItutmish. He has now become a legal ruler. Due to which his opponents had to remain silent.

7. Formation and administration of Chalisa: iIItutmish formed a party of 40 rich Turks to consolidate his power and was given high positions in the state. Which later came to be known as Chahalgani. He divided his kingdom into several units and appointed unitaries for them.

Question 3. Write the reasons for the downfall of the Delhi Sultanate.

Answer: The reasons for the downfall of the Delhi Sultanate are as follows.

1. The rulers of Delhi were dictators, they considered themselves the representatives of God.

2. The rulers of Delhi pursued a policy of religious fanaticism.

3. The vast empire also caused their downfall.

4. The persecution of Hindus was also the cause of their end.

5. There was no succession rule.

6. The military system was weakened.

7. The Jagirdari system also proved fatal for them.

8. Many rulers lived in luxury.

9. Ignored the Northwest Frontier.

10. Could not withstand the onslaught of the Mongols.