Chapter: 9 The Kingdoms of the South

1) Who established the Bahmani kingdom?

Hassan Gangu

2) What title did Hasan Gangu assume?

Alauddin Bahman Shah

3) When did Hassan Gangu asscended the throne?

1347 AD:

4) Which city was the capital of Hassan Gangu?

Gulbarga

5) Which ruler of the Bahmani Empire changed his capital to Bidar replacing Gulbarga?

Ahmed Shah

6) Who was Muhammad Gawan?

Prime Minister of Muhammad Shab-lll

7) How did Muhammad Gawan die?

He was sentenced to death

8) Who sentenced Muhammad Gawan to death?

Muhammad Shah-III

9) Which ruler of Bahmani empire had died in the grief of the death of his Prime Minister?

Muhammad Shah-III

10) Into which two factions, he ruling class of the Bahmani Kingdom was divided?

The Deccanis and the Foreigners

11) Who was the last ruler of the Bahmani Empire?

Kalim-ullah-Shah

12) Against which empire did the Bahmani Empire struggle for a long time?

Vijay Nagar

13) What was the Prime Minister called in the Bahmani Empire?

Vakil-Us-Saltanat

14) Who was Amir-e-Jumla?

Finance Minister in the Bahmani Kingdom

15) Into how many provinces did Hasan Gangu divide the Bahmani kingdom?

16) What were the provinces called in the Bahmani kingdom?

Tarafs

17) Who was the head of a Taraf?

Tarafdar

18) In how many Tarafs did Muhammad Gawan divide the Bahmani Empire?

19) What was the district called in the Bahmani Empire?

Sarkar

20) Which was the smallest unit of Bahmani administration?

The village

21) What was the main source of income of the Bahmani Sultans?

Land Revenue

22) Which building of Bijapur is famous all over the world due to its architecture?

Gol Gumbaj

23) Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire?

Harihar and Bukka Rai

24) When was the Vijayanagara Empire founded?

1336 AD:

25) How many dynasties ruled over the Vijayanagara Empire?

26) To which dynasty did Harihar and Bukka Rai belong?

The Sangam dynasty

27) Who is considered the greatest ruler of Sangam dynasty?

Dev Raya-II

28) Who were Niccolo Conti and Abdur Razzaq?

Foreigner travelers

29) Who is considered to be the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire?

Krishana Dev Raya

30) Which battle led to the fall of Vijayanagar?

Battle of Talikota

31) When was the Battle of Talikot fought?

1565 AD

32) What were the provinces called in the Vijayanagara Empire?

Mandalam

33) What were the districts of the Vijayanagar Empire called?

Kotam or Kurram

34) What was the pargana called in Vijayanagar empire?

Nadu

35) What was Raya Rekha?

Land revenue in Vijayanagar

36) Which woman of the Vijayanagar Empire was a famous scholar?

Ganga Devi

37) What was the main festival of the Vijayanagara Empire?

Maha Naumi

38) The founders of Vijayanagar were the follower of which faith?

Shaivism

Short answer type questions

01:- Write a short note on Alauddin Bahman shah?

Ans: - Alauddin Bahman Shah, the founder of the Bahman kingdom faced many difficulties when he sat on the throne in 1347 A.D. He dealt with these problems courageously. He expanded his empire by capturing Goa, Mandu, Kolhapur and Dabhol. He declared Gulbarga as his Capital. For administrative purpose he divided his kingdom into four tarafs (1) Gulbarga (2) Barar (3) Bidar (4) Daulatabad. He adopted the policy of religious tolerance towards other religions.

Q2:- Describe the Art and Architecture achievements of Bahmani kingdom?

Ans: - The Bahmani sultans were great pat rons of art and architecture. Gulbarga and Bidar were the principal centres of their architecture. The tomb Gulbarga and of Ahmad Shah in Bidar are famous for their exquisites art. The Gol Gumbaj at Bijapur is famous even today for its art. It is spread in 2000sq meters. It belongs to Muhammad Adil Shah.

Q3:- Write any three causes of Decline of the Bahmani kingdom?

Ans: -

(1) Many of the Bahmani rulers were Muslims. Fanatics Who Perpetrated atrocities on the Hindus. This Made the Hindus their bitter enemies.

(2) The Bahmani rulers were forever engaged in wars with their neighbors and this had a detrimental effect on their military power and economy.

(3) Mahmud Shah was a debauch. He passed most of his time in the company of Women and wine. As a result the provincial governors became very powerful and they started becoming independent.

4. Q: - Who were the founders of the Vijaynagar Empire?

Ans: - Hari Hara I and Bakka Raya I, were the founders of the Vijaynagar Empire. Hari Hara I ruled from 1336 A.D. to 1350 A.D. He established Sangama Dunasty in the Vijaynagar kingdom. He organized a strong army. He also encouraged agriculture. In 1356 A.D. His brother Bukka Ray I ascended the throne. He ruled till 1377 A.D. He conquered Madurai. He adopted a policy of tolerance towards other religions.

Q5:- Write the achievements of Krishnandeva Raya?

Ans:

(1) He adopted the policy of tolerance to words all religions.

(2) He encouraged agriculture and trade.

(3) He expanded his empire enormously.

(4) He also removed unnecessary taxes.

Q6:- Decline of the Vijaynagar Empire?

Ans:-

(1)The central Government of Vijay nagar was very weak.

(2) Battle of Talikota proved disastrous to the Vijaynagar Empire.

(3) The army of Vijayngar Empire was very weak.

(4) Along struggle against Bahmani. Empire had a detrimental effect on Vijaynagar economy and weakened its army.

Essay type questions

Q1:- Give a brief account of the salient features of bahman administration?

Ans: - The features of Bahmani administration were given as follows:

1. The Sultan: - The Sultan was the heat of the kingdom he made all the important appointment in the kingdom. He was also supreme judge his judgment was final. He was also chief of the army. The Bahmani rulers believed in ‘the principle of divine rights if the king’.

2. Ministers: - To advise the king in administrative matters the Bahani Sultans had appointed a Council of ministers. The main ministers were as under:-

(a) Vakil us Sultanate: - He was the Prime Minister of the empire. Before taking decisions the sultan took his Advice on all matters.

(b)Amir-i-Jumla: - He was the Finance Minister he kept account of the income and expenditure.

(c)Amir-i-Ashraf: - He was the foreign minister. He advised the king when to declare war or when to make peace.

(d) Sadr-i-Jahan: - He was the minister of law and judiciary.

3. Provincial Administers: - The Bahmani rulers had divided their kingdom into four provinces. These provinces were called Tarafsand their governor as Tarafdars.

4. Local Administers: - The provinces were divided into Zilas or districts and there were further subdivided into Parganas. The smallest unit of administration was the village.

5. Land Revenue System: - The main income was from the land revenue which was 1/6 the portion of the total yield. To increase the production of crops the Bahmani rulers paid special attention to develop the means of irrigation.

6. Judical Administration:-At the time of the Bahmani rulers the judicial administers was under the Qazi. Very important cases were sent to the Sultan. The sultan decision was the final.

Q2:- Descried the causes which decline of the Bahmani kingdom.

Ans: - There are so many causes for the decline of Bahmani kingdom. The main causes are hereby:-

I. It was due to their conspiracies that one of their ablest Prime Ministers Mahmud Gawan was hanged. His death sounded the death knell of the Bahmani Kingdom.

II. Due to Sunni and Shias internecine quarrels 5 rulers of the Bahmani kingdom were murdered, two were blinded and two more were dethroned.

III. Many of the Bahmani Rulers were Muslim fanatics who perpetrated atrocities on the Hindus. This made the Hindus their bitter enemies.

IV. Mahmud Shah was a debauch .he passed most of his time in the company of women and wine .he showed no interest in the administration during long rule. As a result the governors became very powerful and they started becoming independent.

V. The successors of Mahmud Shah were week. They could not check the decline

VI. The Bahmani Rulers were forever engaged in wars with their neighbors and this had made weak their military power and economy.

Q3:- Describe the religious life of Vijaynagare kingdom. ?

Ans:-

1. Hinduism: - The rulers of Vijayangare kingdom, were Hinduism. They were followers of Shaivism .The royal form of Shiva was given great importance. After the rulers of the Sangamon dynasty the rulers of the Vijayanagar Empire Started believing in Vaishnavism and temples were built.

2. Jainism: - Jainism did not believe in the Vedas. Inspite of this many Jainas were appointed on high posts. For examples Irugappa was appointed as a governor in the time of Harihar II. He got built Jaina temples at Hampi, Kanchi and many other places.

3. Islam: - Vijaynagar empire showed no disrespect to Islam. Deva Raya I had employed many Muslims in his army. They had freedom to follow their customs and traditions. A mosque was built so that they could offer prayers. In this way as long as the rules of the Vijay nagar empire adopted a police of religious tolerance their empire.

Q4:- Give an account of the social life of the people of the Vijaynager Empire.

Ans: - The social life of the Vijay nagar empire was good. The brief description is as given below:-

1. CASTE SYSTEM: - The society of the Vijay nagar empire was divided in to various castes and sub caster. Brahmans enjoyed a social status in Society. The rulers respected the Brahmans. The people belonging to the different castes tried to lead their lives according to dictates of the Brachmans

2. Position of women: - The women were respected in society and were educated .The women participated in the administration. They also leant the art of sword, fencing, wrestling, dance and music. Child marriage of girls was prevalent. Dowry was also in vogue.

3. Diet: - There were no restrictions on the food and drinks. All types of vegetables, fruits and Meat were consumed. Only cows meat was not eaten

4. Festivals: - The people of Vijaynagar Empire celebrated festivals with great enthusiasm. Mahanaumi, Diwali and Holi were main festivals.

5. Means of Entertainment: - The people were very fond of entertainment. They enjoyed hunting, horse riding, dance and music.