Chapter: 11 Guru Nanak Dev Ji and Foundation of Sikhism
1) What kind of
political condition was prevalent in Punjab in the early 16th century?
Very Poor
2) In which two main
categories the society of Punjab was divided in the early 16th Century?
Hindu and Muslim
3) In how many sections
was Muslim society divided?
three
4) How many main castes
were there in the Hindu society?
Four
5) Who were the
religious leaders of the Muslims?
Ulama, Mulla, Qazi etc.
5) What was the status
of Shudras in Hindu society?
Very poor
7) When was Guru Nanak
Dev Ji born?
1469 AD
8) What was the name of
Guru Nanak Dev Ji's father?
Mehta Kalu Ji
9) What was the name of
Guru Nanak Dev Ji's mother?
Mata Tripta Ji
10) When did Guru Nanak
Dev Ji declare Bhai Lehna his successor?
1539 AD
11) When did Guru Nanak
Dev Ji start his religious journeys?
1499 AD
12) What are the
journeys of Guru Nanak Dev Ji called?
Udasis
13) How many years did
Guru Nanak Dev Ji spend in his Udasis?
21 years
14) According to Guru
Nanak Dev Ji, which is the biggest obstacle in the way of salvation?
Maya
15) According to Guru
Nanak Dev Ji, who are the greatest enemies of human beings?
Lust, anger, attachment, greed, pride
16) Which two
institutions did Guru Nanak Dev Ji establish?
Sangat and Pangat
17) Which city was
established by Guru Nanak Dev Ji?
Kartarpur Sahib
18) On the bank of which river the
Kartarpur Sahib was built?
Ravi
19) According to Guru
Nanak Dev Ji, what are the two forms of God?
Nirguna, Sarguna
20) According to Guru
Nanak Dev Ji, what is the most important purpose of human life?
To reach Sachkhand and to attain
Salvation
21) Who was the founder
of Udasi Sect?
Baba Sri Chand Ji
22) What was the
original name of Guru Angad Dev Ji?
Bhai Lehna Ji
23) When did Guru Angad
Dev Ji attain the Guruship?
1539 AD
24) Which place did
Guru Angad Dev Ji make his preaching center?
Khadoor Sahib
25) Which script was
developed by Guru Angad Dev Ji?
Gurmukhi
26) Name the city
founded by Guru Angad Dev Ji.
Goindwal Sahib
27) Guru Angad Dev Ji
expelled which two Ragis from his court for not following the discipline?
Satta and Balwand
28) When did Guru Amar
Das Ji ascend to the Guruship?
1552 AD
29) Where did Guru Amar
Das Ji build a Baoli?
Goindwal Sahib
30) Who established the
Manji system?
Guru Amardas Ji
31) How many Manjis did
Guru Amar Das Ji establish?
22
32) What was the head
of a Manji called?
Manjidar
33) What was the
original name of Guru Ram Das Ji?
Bhai Jetha Ji
34) Which famous city
did Guru Ram Das Ji establish?
Ramdaspur (Sri Amritsar Sahib)
35) When was Sri
Amritsar Sahib established?
1577 AD
36) Which two Sarovars
(The holy pools) were constructed at Sri Amritsar Sahib?
Amritsar and Santokhsar
37) How many traders
were got settled at Sri Amritsar Sahib?
52
38) Name the market
established by Guru Ram Das Ji at Sri Amritsar Sahib.
Guru ka Bazar
39) Who founded the Masand
system?
Guru Ram Das Ji
40) Which Guru Sahib
composed the four Lavan?
Guru Ram Das Ji
41) Who built the
Golden Temple (Sri Harimandir Sahib)?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
42) Name the towns
established by Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
Hargobindpur, Kartarpur, Tarn Taaran
43) Where did Guru
Arjan Dev Ji build the Baoli?
Lahore
44) Who laid the
foundation of the Golden Temple?
Sai Mian Mir Ji
45) How many doors of
Golden Temple were installed?
4
46) When was the
foundation of Harimandar Sahib laid?
1588 AD
47) The word Masand is
derived from which Persian word?
Masnad
48) What is meant by
Masnad?
Higher place
49) Who compiled the
Adi Granth Sahib?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
50) On the banks of
which Sarovar the Adi Granth Sahib was compiled?
Ramsar
51) The Bani of how
many Guru Sahibans is included in Guru Granth Sahib?
6
52) How many hmns of
Guru Arjan Dev Ji are included in Adi Granth Sahib?
2216
53) When was the
compilation of Guru Granth Sahib completed?
1604 AD
54) Which Mughal ruler
was responsible for the martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Ji?
Jahangir
55) When was Guru Arjan
Dev Ji martyred?
1606 AD
56) Where was Guru
Arjan Dev Ji martyred?
Lahore
57) What was the name
of new policy adopted by Guru Hargobind Ji?
Miri and Peeri
58) What did the sword
of Miri symbolize?
Political leadership
59) What did the sword
of Piri symbolize?
Religious guidance
60) Who got constructed
Sri Akal TakhatSahib?
Guru Hargobind Ji
61) Where was Sri Akal
Takhat Sahib constructed?
in front of the Golden Temple
62) When was Sri Akal
Takhat Sahib constructed?
1606 AD
63) Which fort was
built by Guru Hargobind Ji at Sri Amritsar Sahib?
The fort of Lohgarh
64) By what other name
is Guru Hargobind Ji known?
Bandi Chhod Baba
65) Who imprisoned Guru
Hargobind Sahib Ji?
Jahangir
66) Where was Guru
Hargobind Sahib Ji imprisoned?
In the fort of Gwalior
67) When did Guru
Harkrishan Ji ascend to the Guruship?
1661 AD
68) How old was Guru
Harkrishan Ji when he ascended to the Guruship?
5 years
69) By what other name
is Guru Harkrishan Ji known?
Bal Guru, Bala Pritam
70) Name the town
established by Guru Teg Bahadur Ji.
Sri Anandpur Sahib
71) When was Guru Tegh
Bahadur Ji martyred?
1675 AD
72) Which Mughal ruler
was responsible for the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji?
Aurangzeb
73) Name three devotees
of Guru Teg Bahadur Ji, who were Martyred along with him.
Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Sati Das, Bhai
Dyala Ji
74) Where was Guru Tegh
Bahadur Ji martyred?
Chandni Chowk, Delhi
75) Which Gurdwara
Sahib is located at the place of martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji?
Sis Ganj
76) How much was the
age of Guru Gobind Singh Ji at the time of ascending to the Guruship?
9 Year
77) Who founded the
Khalsa Panth?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
78) When was the Khalsa
Panth founded?
1699 AD
79) Where was the
Khalsa Panth founded?
Anandpur Sahib
80) When was the battle
of Bhangani fought?
1688 AD
81) Who abolished the
Masand system?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
82) In which language
was the Zafarnama written?
Persian
83) Who wrote the Zafarnama?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
84) On which place was
Zafarnama written?
Dina Kangar
85) By what other name
is Guru Gobind Singh Ji known?
Sarbans Dani
86) Who was Baba Buddha
Ji?
The first Granthi of Sri Harimandir
Sahib
87) Who was Chandu
Shah?
The Diwan of Lahore
(3 Marks Questions/ Answers)
Question 1. What are
Hukamnamas? Which Guru has the highest hukamnamas?
ANSWER: - Hukamnamas are the letters
written to the Sikh community by the Sikh Gurus. There are total 89 hukamnamas
34 hukamnamas by Guru gobind Singh and 23 hukamnamas by shri Guru Teg Bahader
ji have been received.
Question 2. What was
the essence of Guru Nana’s MAYA? Answer in a nutshell?
ANSWER: - Guru Nanak Dev Ji believed
that Maya is a gift of God which binds man in his trap. It is important to
understand and break it Man, in the trap of worldly things i.e., wealth, lust, greed,
anger and pride, leaves the company of God.
Question 3. What were Guru Nanak's three main ideas about God?
Answer: -
1) According to Guru Nanak Dev Ji,
God is the one who is the creator of this world.
2) God is omnipotent. Nothing can
happen without his will.
3) God has no shape, no form.
Question 4. What are
the main three principals of Guru Nanak's teachings?
Answer: - 1) According to Guru Nanak
Dev Ji, God is one. He is shapeless and omnipresent.
2) Guru Ji considered Maya to be the
biggest obstacle in the way of salvation.
3) Guru Ji considered anger, lust,
greed, attachment and pride to be the five enemies of human beings.
4) Guru Ji refuted idol worship.
Question 5. What
contribution did Guru Angad Dev Ji make to make Gurmukhi lipi popular?
Answer: - Guru Aungad Dev Ji modified
the Gurmukhi lipi and gave it a new look, which made it easy to understand It
became very easy for all the religious texts to be created in this lipi. Brahmin
society and Sanskrit language were badly hurt because they considered Sanskrit
to be the language of religion. There was a great help in spreading the sikh, panth
with the populariy a gurmukhi lipi.
Question 6. What do you
know about Manji Pratha?
ANSWER: - Guru Amar Das established
the Manji system for the propagation of Sikhism. Due to oldage Guru, alone
could not preach the religion. That is why Guru Ji established 22 Manjias. The
head of Manji was called Manjidar. This practice was spread far and wide. They
also collected daswan dasond and delivered it to the Guru.
Question 7. When and by
whom was the Aad Granth Sahib completed?
ANSWER: - Guru Arjan Dev Ji performed
Aad Granth sahib in 1604 AD which was an important work for sikh religion.
Gathering the true wealth of, the first five Guru sahib, some other devotees
and saints and Later. Guru Tegh Bahadar Ji's also add in Aad sahib .Aad granth
sahib was written by Bhai Gurdas Ji.
Question 8. Who made
the Masnada practice and what were its purposes?
Answer: The word masnand is derived from
the Persian word "masnand ". Which means High place this practice was
started by Guru Ramdas ji. However, it was really developed during the time of
Guru Arjan Guru Dev Ji, Every sikh who paid one tenth of his income and through
these Masands, it was delivered to Guru ji. They preach Sikhism .masand had the
significant role in sikh panth.
Question 9. What is
meant by Miri and Piri?
ANSWER: - When Guru Hargobind Ji
ascended the throne, he wore two swords named Miri and Piri. The Miri sword was
a symbol of leadership. And Piri sword was a symbol of religious leadership. In
this way, Guru Hargobind made Sikhs soldiers from saints, with it the sikh community
was encouraged against injustice and prosecuters. Guru ji established khalsa
with this.
Question 10. Why is
Guru Hargobind singh Ji called Bandi Chhod Baba?
ANSWER: Mughal emperor Jahangir
imprisoned Guru Ji in the fort of Gwalior. He also kept 52 kings as prisoners
All the kings were so impressed by the Guru that Jahigir decided to release Guru
sahib. Guru Ji said that until the 52 kings are released he should not be
released .Jahangir released 52 kings that is why the Guru is known as bandi
chhod Baba.
Question 12. When did
Guru Gobind singh establish Khalsa? Where and how did it happen?
ANSWER: -Guru Gobind singh Ji on
March 30, 1699 A.D. on the day of Vaishakhi gathered about 80 thousand people.
Guru Ji took a sword out of his sheath and begged for a head from the gathering
to protect the religion. On this Bhai Daya Ram came forward to give his head and
on the other demand Bhai Dharam Das, Bhai Mohkam Chand, Bhai sahib Chand ji and
Bhai Himmat Rai ji presented themselves one by one in this way. Guru gobind
singh ji selected ‘panj piyare’ and eslablished khalsa.
Long Answer types questions (6 marks)
Question 1. What do you
know about the social condition of Punjab at the time of Guru Nanak's birth?
Answer: At the time of Guru Nanak's
birth, there was an atmosphere of anarchy in Punjab. The social condition of
Punjab was deteriorating. Society was divided into two main classes -Muslims
and Hindus. The ruling class being Muslim, they had the special rights in
society. They were on high-ranking official of the state. Hindus were deprived
of these rights. In the society, Hindus were called Kafir. Muslims used to
Persecute Hindus. Most of hindus became Muslims in fear of these persecution.
The condition of women in the society was very pitiable. Women were considered
only the object of pleasure. Women were bought and sold in society like animals.
Lots of high class Muslim clothes were Precious, they were made of silk and
velvet. The dresses of the lower class and the hindus were quite simple.
Hunting, horse races, chess, dance
songs, music, animal fights and playing cards were the main source of
entertainment of the people of that time.
Question 2. What do you
know about Guru Nanak’s teachings?
ANSWER: - 1. Thoughts about God: -
Guru Nanak Dev Ji believed in one
God. Songs of God's unity and greatness are sung on the spot. According to Guru
Ji, only God creates-follows and destroys the world. According to the Guru, God
is omnipotent and omnipresent.
2. Maya: -
The trap of Maya is the biggest
obstacle to the salvation of a human being. Human beings are always preoccupied
with worldly things, greed, attachments, Pride, arrogance, wealth and family. This
is called Maya. That is why, due to maya man gets away from God.
3. Mining of women's humiliation:-
At the time of Guru Nanak Dev ji,
there were many customs prevalent in the society The woman was considered to be
the sole of the foot and the object of luxury woman was imprisoned in the four
gates and kept under the veil. They were also ill-treated. Guru Ji denounced
these evils and raised his voice for equal rights for women.
“So kyu Manda akhiye, jit
Jamme Rajan”.
4. Importance of Guru: -
Shri Guru Nanak dev ji considered the
Guru to be very important for the attainment of God. There is a great need for
a Guru to get salvation from the world and to reach God. The Guru brings out man
out from dark to light. God's mercy can't be achieved without a true Guru.
5. Unbelief in Tapasya: -
According to Guru Nanak, there is no
use of doing penance in the forest. God can be attained only by chanting God's
name and doing good deeds while living a busy life. The emphasis is on living a
pious life while living in this impure world.
Question 3. What
contribution did Guru Angad Dev Ji do to make Gurmukhi popular?
Answer: - easier to read and
understand.
All the religious scripts of Sikhism
are composed in Gurmukhi lipi. The lipi chanted by Guru ji, reminds Guru Angad
Dev Ji made Gurmukhi a popular and did a very important work for the development
of Sikhism. Gurmukhi had come into existence before him. At that time it was called
Lande lipi. Guru Angad Dev Ji amended it and made it easy and orderly and gave
it a name Gurmukhi. Now it's the duty towards Guru. Due to this lipi, knowledge
(education) spread rapidly in Sikhs. Secondly, due to the popularity of this
lipi, There was a great shock to the society of Brahmins religion who
considered Sanskrit as the language of Religion. No doubt the propagation of
Gurmukhi lipi was proved important for development of the Sikh Panth.
Question 4. What were
the reasons for the martyrdom of Guru Arjan?
Answer: There were many reasons for
the martyrdom of Guru Arjan which are as follows:-
1. Jahagir's fanticism: -
The Mughal emperor Jahangir was a
Sunni Muslim. Fanticism is the key to Guru Ji's martyrdom The reason is that
Jahangir could not have embraced any other religion except Islam. He wanted to
eliminate the effect of sikh and Sikhism in Punjab.
2. Development of Sikh Panth: -
Guru Arjan Dev Ji through Masandas
developed Sikhism a lot of with the establishment of Harimandir Sahib, Tarn
Taran, Kartarpur, Hargobindpura etc. Sikh panth was continuously developing.
With the creation of Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Sikh religion became more and more popular
which was not easy to tolerate for Jahangir.
3. Enemy of Prithi Chand: -
Prithi Chand was the elder son of
Guru Arjan Dev Ji. He was a greedy and selfish man. He wanted to sit down on
Guru Gaddi and was angry with the Guru. Prithi Chand joined hands with the
Mughals and started conspiracy against Guru Arjan dev. Due to it the Mughal’s
hate towards the Guru increased.
4. Enemy of Chandu Shah: -
Chandu Shah was Diwan from Lahore.
Chandu Sah wanted to marry his daughter with Hargobind Rai Ji. Chandu shah had
used insulting words for Guru Ji. So Guru Ji refused the proposal. He always
wanted to get revenge on Guru Ji, He always fill Jahangir ears against Guruji.
Jahangir followed Chandu shah and got ready for strict action against the Guru.
5. Assistance to Khusrau: -
Guru Arjan's support of Sahajjada
Khusrau was the immediate reason of martyrdom. Sahjada khusro reached Tarantarn
to meet Guru Arjun Dev ji after revolting against his father Jahangir. Guru
Arjan Dev Ji put Tilak on Khusrau's forehead and helped him to go to Kabul by
providing financial assistance. Jahangir became angry with Guru Arjan Dev ji, when
he found out about it and Murtaza Khan, the Governor of Lahore was ordered to
arrest Guru Arjan Dev ji.
Question 5. What is
meant by Miri and Piri? What is its historical significance? Or briefly describe
the significance of Guru Hargobind Ji's new policy?
ANSWER: - Guru Hargobind Sahib, while
sitting on the throne, wore two swords named Miri and Piri. Miri sword was a
symbol of worldly leadership and Piri sword was a symbol of religious leadership.
Guru Hargobind ji now started the worldly and religious leadership of his
followers Guru Ji asked Sikhs to recite the Naam of God and He also said to
take up arms for self-protection Thus Guru Hargobind Ji made sikhs soldiers
from saint. This policy had a profound effect on Sikh history and has given a
new impetus to the entire Sikh community. To take up arms, Guru Gobind Singh
followed the same policy and formed the Khalsa Panth.
Question 6. Describe
the creation of Guru Gobind singh Ji's Khalsa?
Answer: - 1. Aurangzeb's authoritarian rule:
Aurangzeb was the king of religious
fanaticism he prosecuted Hindus Religious ceremonies were banned and the temple
was being broken. He started taxes. Who did not accept Islam, was about to be
killed.
2. The betrayal of the hill kingdom: -
The Guru ji along with hill kingdom
wanted to fight with the Mughals but during the Battle of Nadone, Guru had
already known that the friendliness of the hill kingdom could not be trusted.
So he decided to prepare such soldiers who could face (encounter) Mughals.
3. Bond of Caste: -
The caste system has been going on in
India for centuries. Society is divided into many castes and sub-castes People
of upper caste used to hate or mistreat with the people of lower caste. Creation
of Khalsa was done to eradicate caste system.
4. Elimination of Masand practice: -
Due to the practice of Dos Puran
Masand, Guru Gobind Ji caused the creation of the Khalsa Panth. Masand were
corrupt. They were robbing Sikhs. The influential Masanda had made different
Gur Giddias. In order to get rid of these masandas, Guru Gobind singh decided
to up a new organization.
5. Objective of Guru Gobind singh Ji: -
Guru Ji has written in Bachitar Natak
that the purpose of his life is to preach and destroy the wicked. It was
necessary to draw the sword to destroy and to create the Khalsa to fulfill the purpose.
