Lesson-12

Chapter 12 Mughal Empire

 

1) How was the political condition of Punjab in the early 16th century?

Very poor

2) Who was the founder of Mughal Empire in India?

Babur

3) Whom did the Mughals of India consider their ancestor?

Timur

4) When was the Mughal Empire established in India?

1526 AD

5) Mughal Empire in India was established by which battle?

First battle of Panipat

6) When was the first battle of Panipat fought?

April 21, 1526 AD

7) Between which two parties the first battle of Panipat Ibrahim Lodhi and Babur took place?

8) Who won the first battle of Panipat?

Babur

9) Babar was the ruler of which country?

Fergana

10) In how much age did Babur become the ruler of Fergana?

11 year

11) Who invited Babar to invade India?

Daulat Khan Lodhi and Alam Khan Lodhi

12) What is the name of the autobiography of Babur?

Tuzak-e-Babri

13) The battle of Kanwaha took place between which two parties?

Babur and Rana Sanga

14) Who won the battle of Kanwaha?

Babur

15) Who ascended the throne of Mughal Empire after the death of Babur?

Humayun

16) To which city did Humayun make his capital?

Delhi

17) Between which two parties, the battle ofChausa took place?

Sher Shah Suri and Humayun

18) Who won the battle of Chausa?

Sher Shah Suri

19) Between which two parties, the battle of Kanauj took place?

Sher Shah Suri and Humayun

20) Who won the battle of Kannauj?

Sher Shah Suri

21) When was the battle of Kannauj fought?

1540 AD

22) After which battle, Humayun had to leave India?

Battle of Kanauj

23) Who is the author of 'Humayunnama'?

Gulabadan Begum

24) What was the original name of Sher Shah Suri?

Farid

25) Which famous road was constructed by Sher Shah Suri?

GT Road

26) By what other name is the GT Road known?

Sher Shah Suri Marg

27) How far was the GT Road extended?

Calcutta to Peshawar

28) How much was the length of the GT Road?

1500 km

29) Which scale was used by Sher Shah Suri to measure the land?

Sikandri Gaj

30) When did Akbar ascend the throne?

1556 AD

31) At which place was Akbar crowned?

Kalanaur (Gurdaspur)

32) Who was Akbar's patron when he ascended the throne?

Bairam Khan

33) How old was Akbar when he ascended the throne?

13 years

34) Between which two sides the battle of Haldi Ghati was fought?

Maharana Pratap and Mughal

35) What was the policy ofAkbar towards the Rajputs?

Friendly

36) Where did theRana Sanga rule?

Mewar

37) Name the most famous Rajput wife of Akbar.

Jodha Bai

38) Between which two sides the second battle ofPanipat was fought?

Akbar and Hemu

39) Who led Akbar's army in the second battle of Panipat?

Bairam Khan

40) Who won the second battle of Panipat?

Akbar

41) Who is the author of The Ain-i-Akbari and Akbarnama?

Abul Fazal

42) What was the original name of Jahangir?

Salim

43) Who fulfilled Jahangir's dream of conquering Anmednagar?

Prince Khurram

44) What reward did Jahangir give to Khurram for his conquest of Ahmednagar? The Title of Shah Jahan and a large Mansab

45) Who was Noor Jahan?

 Jahangir's wife

46) What was the real name of Noor Jahan?

Mehrunissa

47) What is the name ofJahangir's autobiography?

Tuzak-i-Jahangiri

48) What was the original name ofShah Jahan?

Khurram

49) Who built theTaj Mahal?

Shah Jahan

50) In whose memory was the Taj Mahal built?

Mumtaz Mehal

51) Who was Mumtaz Mehal?

The wife of Shah Jahan

52) Under which ruler, the Mughal empire was extended over the largest area?

Aurangzeb

53) By what other name was Aurangzeb known?

Alamgir

54) Which Mughal ruler is considered to be responsible for the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Aurangzeb

55) Which Mughal emperor is popularly known as Zinda Pir?

Aurangzeb

56) When did Aurangzeb die?

1707 AD

 

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

 

Question 1. Name four types of sources which give information about the history of Mughal Empire.

ANSWER 1.

(1) Literary Sources: Prominent among these are Tuzuk-e- Baburi, Akbar Nama and Tuzuk-e- Jahangiri.

(2) Buildings and Monuments: Bhawan of Fatehpur Sikri, Bhawan of Agra (Taj Mahal, Akbar's Fort) and Bhawan of Delhi (Red Fort, Jama Masjid) etc.

(3) Coins

(4) Narratives of foreign travelers

 

Question 2: Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India? How did he lay the foundation of the Mughal Empire here?

Answer: Babur is considered to be the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. He died in 1526 AD. In the first battle of Panipat, he defeated Ibrahim Lodhi, the last Sultan of the Lodhi dynasty, and as a result captured Delhi, Agra and its environs. Thus he laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in India.

 

Question 3: When and between whom did the first battle of Panipat take place?

Answer: After gaining control of the Punjab, Babar marched towards Delhi with 12,000 troops. When Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi of Delhi got the news of Babar's army approaching Delhi, he left Delhi with 100,000 troops to stop the Mughal army. The armies of Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi clashed in the historic plain of Panipat [21 April, 1526 AD]. In this battle Babur won over Ibrahim Lodhi.

 

Question 4: How did Babar capture Chanderi?

Answer: Although the Rajputs were defeated in the battle of Kanawha, the Rajput ruler of Chanderi, Medani Rai, was preparing for battle again. Babur died on January 10, 1528 AD. Attacked Chanderi and besieged Medini Rai in fort. Although the Rajputs fought hard against the Mughal army, they were defeated. Thus on January 29, 1528 AD, Babar captured Chanderi.

 

Question 5: What were the consequences of the battle of Ghaghra?

Answer:

(1) Babar won.

(2) The power of the Afghans was severely shaken.

(3) Babur became the ruler of almost all of northern India.

 

Question 6: Where, when and by whom was Akbar crowned?

Answer: Akbar was the son of Humayun M and his full name was Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. He was born on 23 November 1542 at Amar Kot. Happened in 1556 AD Akbar and his bodyguard Bairam Khan were in the Punjab at the time of Humayun's death. Bairam Khan died on 14 February 1556 AD. Akbar's coronation in Kalanaur (Gurdaspur). Akbar was only 13 at the time.

 

Question 7: What were the reasons for the second battle of Panipat?

Answer:

(1) 1556 AD. Humayun died suddenly in Delhi in 1941. Hemu, a minister under Afghan ruler Adil Shah Suri, seized the opportunity to take over Delhi and Agra.

(2) At the time of Humayun's death, his son Akbar was in the Punjab. When he came to know about the occupation of Delhi and Agra by Adil Shah Suri, he decided to retake these territories.

 

Question 8: Write any three consequences of the second battle of Panipat.

Answer:

(1) Delhi and Agra were captured by Akbar. This gave a firm foothold to the Mughals in India.

(2) Akbar's military prowess was felt all over the country. Shortly after this battle, Alexander the Great laid down his arms before Akbar.

(3) The dream of the Afghan chiefs to re-establish their state was shattered. This battle was the last phase of the Mughal-Afghan struggle.

 

Question 9: When and between whom did the battle of Turmeric Valley take place?

Answer: June 18, 1576 AD. A fierce battle took place at Haldi valley. The Mughal army was three to four times larger than Rana Pratap's army. Nevertheless, Rana and his troops bravely resisted the Mughal army. In the end the Mughals won and Rana Pratap escaped with his life.

 

Question 10: How did Akbar capture Sindh?

Answer: 1591 AD. Khankhana Abdur Rahim, the governor of Multan, was sent to conquer Sindh. Janibeg, the ruler of Sindh, fought hard against the Mughals, but was defeated. Akbar made him mansabdar in his kingdom and annexed Sindh to the Mughal Empire.

 

Question 11: Describe the expansion of Akbar's kingdom.

Answer: 1605 AD. At the time of Akbar's death, his reign extended from Assam in the east to Kabul- Kandahar in the northwest and from the Himalayas in the north to Ahmednagar in the south. It covered almost all of northern India and parts of the south. He divided his empire into 15 provinces.

 

Question 12: What was the main reason for Babar's victory in the first battle of Panipat?

Answer: The main reason for Babar's victory was his own military acumen. He was a capable and courageous general who was skilled in planning and executing war. He fortified himself in a very scientific way in Panipat. He led his troops with great ability. Babar's artillery helped in the victory.

 

Question 13: How did Babar capture Delhi and Agra?

Ibrahim Lodhi was killed in the first battle of North Panipat, leaving the seat of Delhi vacant. Babar also captured Delhi without any protest. Meanwhile, his eldest son Humayun also captured Agra.

 

Question 14: What is the literal meaning of Humayun M? Who was the first to create difficulties for Humayun?

Answer: Humayun means lucky, but he proved to be the luckiest of the rulers in Indian history. According to his father’s last will, Humayun ceded many parts of his empire to his three languages, Askari, Hindal and Kamran. These brothers created the most difficulties for Humayun.

 

Question 15: How did Humayun capture the fort of Mandu?

Answer: When Bahadur Shah defeated Chittor, Humayun marched against Bahadur Shah with his army. Bahadur Shah decided to fight a defensive battle from the fort of Mandsaur. The Mughals laid siege to the fort and soon conquered it. Bahadur Shah left the fort and fled to Mandu. Humayun pursued Bahadur Shah with his troops and conquered the fort of Mandu.

 

 

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS HISTORY CLASS 11TH

 

Question 1: Describe the first battle of Panipat? Or

Describe the struggle between Babar's Lodhi Afghans.

Answer: After gaining control of the Punjab, Babar marched towards Delhi with his 12,000 troops. When Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi of Delhi got the news that Babar's army was coming to Delhi, he set out from Delhi with 100,000 troops to stop the Mughal army.

(A) Major Events: The armies of Babur and tbrahim Lodhi clashed in the historic plain of Panipat. Babar's army was much smaller than Lodhi's army, but he deployed his army scientifically on the battlefield. He dug trenches on the left side of the field which were completely covered with tree branches and hay. In between, 700 artillery vehicles were tied with leather ropes and set up ata distance of 60-70 yards each. He handed over command of the artillery to his famous artillerymen, Ustad Ali and Mustafa. Tulugama troops were deployed on the left and right sides of the army whose task was to encircle the enemy from behind. Ibrahim Lodhi’s army, on the other hand, stood like an uncontrollable mob without any discipline. For eight days there was no compromise on either side. Finally April 21, 1526 AD. Babur ordered his troops to attack the enemy. Babar's artillery soon began firing at the enemy. His Tulgam parties brought in enemy troops from the right and the left. With the sound of gunfire, [brahim Lodhi's supporters threw their own army in the middle. Tbrahim Lodhi and 5,000 of his soldiers were killed in the battle. In this way Babar achieved a great success.

(B) The following are the important results of the battle of Panipat:

(1) This put an end to the Lodhi dynasty in India and established the Mughal dynasty.

(2) Artillery was used by Babar in the battle of Panipat, after which artillery became an essential part of the Indian military system. Before that, Indians did not know how to use artillery.

(3) With the victory of this battle, Babar's bad days came to an end. He became the owner of Delhi and Agra. He later had to fight the battles of Kanwaha, Chanderi and Ghaghra to become the king of india.

 

Question 2: What were the reasons for Babar's victory in the first battle of Panipat?

Answer: The first battle of Panipat is the most important event in Indian history. It changed the destiny of India. Victory in this battle brought an end to Babar's bad days. He became the owner of Delhi and Agra. He later had to fight the battles of Kanwaha, Chanderi and Ghaghra to become the king of India. The reasons for Babar's victory in the first battle of Panipat were as follows:

(1) The main reason for Babar's victory was his own military acumen. He was a capable and courageous general who was adept at planning and executing war. He fortified himself at a high place in Panipat in a very scientific manner. Because of the fighting, he led his troops with great skill.

(2) Babar had both large and small types of cannons and a large quantity of ammunition. He also had skilled artillerymen like Ustad Ali and Mustafa. Brahim Lodhi, on the other hand, had no artillery.

Due to this his army could not stand in front of Babar's artillery.

(3) The other Afghan and Rajput kings of India did not help Ibrahim, but rejoiced in the hope of his defeat. This made the task of Babar’s victory easier.

(4) The Afghan army was very weak in the face of the Mughal army. Many soldiers were mercenaries. They lacked organization. They were not familiar with artillery. They knew how to use bows, swords, and spears.

(5) Abraham did not have the qualities of a good commander. His other chiefs and relatives did not support him.

 

Question 3: What are Sher Shah Suri famous for?

Answer: Sher Shah Suri is well known in Indian history for his governance and public welfare work. He established a powerful central government. Although he was a dictator, he exercised his infinite powers for the good of the people. The Mughal emperor Akbar established his system of government on the basis of his rule. He divided his empire into governments or districts and districts into parganas or tehsils. He paid special attention to land management arrangements in which he was greatly assisted by his crazy Todramal. Under this he measured the land and divided it into four categories on the basis of yield and fixed the levy. He made commendable improvements in silver and gold coins. For this he established mints. He had many roads built. Notable among these is the Sher Shah Suri Marg or Jarnaili Road which used to run from Sonagaon in the east to Rohtasgarh in the west along the Jhelum river. He planted shade trees along these roads and constructed taverns and wells for travelers at short distances. He also made excellent arrangements for the postal service.

 

Question 4: Describe the expansion of Mughal Empire under Akbar.

Answer: Akbar was the son of Humayun and his full name was Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. 1556 AD In between He was only 13 years old at the time of the coronation. But he bravely and patiently endured his reign (1556 to 1605 AD) He conquered many countries and turned the Mughal Empire into an empire.

 

Akbar's conquests:

 

1. Second Battle of Panipat: Second Battle of Panipat between Mughal Emperor Akbar and Adilishah's Minister Hemu (Vakirmajit) in 1556 AD. Was in in which Akbar’s forces defeated Hemu's troops badly.

 

2. Conquest of Malwa: 1561 AD in the meantime, Akbar sent troops under Adam Khan and Peer Muhammad to subdue the Malwa. At that time the Malwa was ruled by Baj Bahadur. He was defeated by the Mughal army and left for Khan. But as soon as the opportunity arose, he attacked the Malwa and defeated Peer Mohammad. Akbar sent another army against him under Abdullah Khan. This time Baj Bahadur accepted Akbar's submission. Thus Akbar took possession of the Malwa region.

 

3. Conquest of Chittor: 1567 AD. In the meantime Akbar led a large army and attacked Chittor. Rana Udai Singh, the ruler of the place, ran and hid in the hills, but the Rajputs of Mewar bravely fought the Mughal army under the leadership of Jamal and Chhatta. In the end, after a siege of 4 months, the Mughals were victorious and the powerful fort of Chittor was taken over by the Mughals.

4. Conquest of Ranbambhor and Conquest of Kalingar: February 1569 AD. In the meantime, Akbar with a large army attacked the fort of Ranthambore. Surjan Rai, the ruler of Ranbambhor, fought for some time, but finally accepted Akbar's submission. August 1569 Akbar sent Mughal army under Majnu Khan to conquer Kalingar. The ruler, Ram Chandra, surrendered without a fight.

 

5. Conquest of Gujarat (1572-1573 AD): 1572 AD. In the meantime, Akbar sent Mughal troops to conquer the famous province of Gujarat in western India. Mufti Khan Bhisra, ruler of Gujarat, accepted Akbar's submission.

 

Question 5: To what extent was Aurangzeb responsible for the downfall of the Mughal Empire?

Answer: Aurangzeb was largely responsible for the downfall of the Mughal Empire. This idea is made very clear by the following:

 

1. Aurangzeb was a staunch Sunni Muslim. He hated non-Muslims. He wanted to forcibly convert non-Muslims to Islam. To that end, he persecuted them. He re-imposed Jizya pilgrimage on the Hindus and destroyed their temples. As a result, his opposition grew.

 

2. Aurangzeb was involved in the wars of the South for 25 years (1682-1707 AD). His long stay in the South led to anarchy in northern india. Opponents of the empire revolted in various countries. Prof. J.N. According to the government, "it seemed that Aurangzeb had achieved everything but in reality he lost everything. Thus these battles became the primary cause of his demise. Just as the Spanish Ulcer ruined Napoleon. In the same way, the boils of the South destroyed Aurangzeb and the Mughal Empire.

 

3. Aurangzeb's stay away from Delhi put his feudal system in a critical state and the tax system became too much for him. His economic recovery also led to the downfall of the Mughal Empire.

 

4. Aurangzeb also made Marathas, Sikhs and Rajputs his enemies due to his bigotry. His confrontation with them was also the cause of the downfall of the Mughal Empire.

 

5. Aurangzeb was involved in battles all his life. He did not pay attention to the administrative structure. As a result, his administrative structure deteriorated. As a result, the foundations of the Mughal Empire began to shake.